How Can I Get My Artifact Identified

Artifacts—remnants of ancient past cultures—can be seen in museums all over the world. But since the past is all around us, just about anybody anywhere can stumble across something that looks old—an arrowhead, a potsherd, a worked shell, a fossil, a bone—and sometimes, just something strange. So, how do you find out about the thingamajig you found, or inherited, or bought somewhere? Things you might ask could be: Is my object archaeological or geological?How do I find out what kind of artifact it is?Who made my artifact, or what culture does my artifact come from?How old is it?Is it a fake?How much is it worth? Its really hard for a professional to determine the age or characteristics of an artifact with even the best picture—harder still to determine if its real or not, so eventually you may just need to take the object to an archaeologist and ask them. If you know where the object came from or have an idea of how old it is or what culture it belonged to, you might consider finding a specialist in that area. But if youre clueless about the weird thing that your daughter brought home from school, just reach out to the nearest archaeologist, historian, or geologist. Locate Your Nearest Archaeologist Its best practice to find someone near to you: artifact identification is tricky, and it might be helpful if you could easily just take the object to them to see it. In addition, if you found it locally, the odds are better that someone local will be able to readily identify something that was made locally. If you dont know which category it falls into, start with any one of these three: historian, archaeologist, geologist. Someone who teaches or works in archaeology, history, or geology will likely recognize what category the object falls into, and they may also have an idea on who you could contact next. If you pick somebody local, you might also find a new friend.   Luckily, archaeologists are much closer than you think. An archaeologist could be as close as the nearest anthropology or classical history or art history department of your local university, or the state archaeologists or geologists office, a nearby museum or historical society, or a professional or amateur association. There are even businesses that conduct archaeology, called cultural resource or heritage firms. To find these, use Google: simply search for archaeology and the name of your town and state. U.S. Contacts for Archaeologists If youre looking into the local university for an archaeologist, you probably will not find an archaeology department. Geologists are in geology departments, historians can be found in history departments, but archaeologists in the U.S. are generally in anthropology, classics, or art history departments. In the US archaeology is a subdiscipline of anthropology, but trained archaeologists can also become classicists (people who are interested in Roman or Greek archaeology) or art historians. If you have a university or college in town, try that. Call one of those departments—the administrative assistant who answers the phone is a great place to start. If you dont, you can locate nearby graduate programs in archaeology (where you can find places with multiple archaeologists) here: Graduate Programs in Archaeology (U.S. and Canada), Archaeological Institute of America  (AIA)Graduate Programs in Latin America, Association for Latin American ArtGraduate Programs in the UK (British Archaeological Jobs and Ressources) Another place to find knowledgeable people is in professional and amateur societies or cultural resource management firms: AIA Affiliated SocietiesArchaeological Societies  from Projectile Points.netNational Association of State Archaeologists  Cultural Resource Management Firms, Archaeology Fieldwork.com Making the Contact Once youve identified a person to talk to, you might be able to call or email them. Describe your object, and where you found it, and then ask if you can send an image attachment to them. Its possible that the person you reach will be able to identify your artifact or recommend a better person to contact on the basis of your description or image. It is also possible that an archaeologist wont be available right away—many of them are gone excavating for part or most of the year, but you can likely reach them using email. What Do I Need to Tell Them? Be prepared to tell them where you found it–in a field, in a shop, inherited from your great-aunt, whatever. Anything about the objects context (where it was found) may help with the identification. They may want to take a good look at it through a microscope, but professional archaeologists wont take it from you.   If the person tells you they would be happy for you to email an image—remember nobody these days should open email attachments unless they are certain about where they came from—send a few images, of different angles of the artifact, and put in something for scale, like a ruler or a coin. Finally, ask if they have any suggestions on how you could learn more.  There might be associations you could join or books or websites that might have more information about the people that made the object. The past is all around us, so take the opportunity to learn something new, every day!

Persuasive Essay On Abortion - 954 Words

Mother Teresa once said, â€Å"For me, life is the most beautiful gift of God to mankind, therefore people and nations who destroy life by abortion and euthanasia are the poorest. I do not say legal or illegal, but I think that no human hand should be raised to kill life, since life is God’s life in us, even in an unborn child.† Do you know what abortion really is? Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. Abortion seems to be more common in today’s society. Numerous amounts of individuals support abortion, and do not realize how it affects themselves and others. Those who do not support this poor decision may choose to let it interfere with their relationship with others. The†¦show more content†¦Putting forth effort to conceive a child means that whether they are healthy or have some type of deformity or disease, you will love them unconditionally, and not worry about the difficulties th ey may have down the road. A child does not deserve to die from the crimes of his or her father’s. One can not kill a five-year-old because his or her father is a rapist nor should a five-month-old be killed for the same reason. No child deserves to die because his or her mother and/or father chooses irresponsibility. A child is completely faultless to their actions. They do not get to decide whether or not their parents conceive nor do they get to decide if they use any type of contraception. All innocent, unborn children should not die. Time does not erase murder or ease the reality of what it really means. Having an abortion results in a cruel tragedy. This decision should never be considered. The future of an unborn child includes an abundance of experiences, projects, and activities. Every individual born or unborn has an extremely valuable future full of many opportunities. When killing these unborn children, there is a valuable life being destroyed. These children will never get the chance to become part of today’s society nor will they be able to make an impact in future state. When an abundance of women abort their children a toll on population occurs around the world. Some would even sayShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Abortion993 Words   |  4 Pagesin two peoples perspectives. The story consisted of a daughter (Deb) and mother’s perspective after the death of her father. The purpose of this layout is to show how they are both grieving in individual ways. Writing for the persuasive was presented as an essay on why abortion should be accessible in every country, and to also outline the shame women receive. Purpose Purpose for writing publication- Purpose for writing a real-estate article was to inform a potential buyer on the house showed. AlsoRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages To begin with, there has always been an extensive issue with the topic of abortion, why? Well, it’s a tough subject and can get extremely emotional and very defensive. Honestly, people just need to open up their eye’s and understand that its murder and not just a choice. It is murder because two can create a blessing and the choice of aborting it, is more like a sacrifice for the reason a mother can’t carry a baby for nine months. Whether a person is a minor, young adult, or an adult and is inRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesinstead these babies are torn limb by limb, burned, and many other tortuous methods to end the precious life. Abortion is murder and is not only very cruel to the unborn baby but it also harms the mother. Pro-choice is an escape from the harsh reality that a baby is being murdered, and in my eyes a life should only be terminated if God himself is ready to call them home. One reason why abortion is wrong is because they are many other safe solutions that would give the child a chance at life. AdoptionRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion917 Words   |  4 PagesAbortions in Texas consist of ending a pregnancy of an unborn child before it can live out of the mother womb. However if the pregnancy ends not on purpose before the twenty four week mark then technically it would be considered a miscarriage. Though inducing the abortion on purpose has caused a lot of controversy over the past century. Deliberately putting people on one of two sides of this issues, of either being for it, which would be considered Pro Choice. Or in the other category of the ProRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1635 Words   |  7 Pagessolve this issue the option of abortion was brought to the forefront by scientists and advocates such as Dan Savage who mentioned that abortion should be mandatory for the next 30 years in or to control the population. (Ertlet) For countri es such as the U.S. with a growth rate being 1.6%, the proposal of widespread abortion is highly recommended as mentioned by obstetricians and gynecologists. (MumfordKessel) Who now leaves the question as to if the option of abortion should be used as a means ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion pregnancies each year in the United States, 1.6 million end up in abortion† (Hern). Because of the numerous traumatic psychological, physical, and overall irresponsible behavior or actions constantly encouraged due to abortion, it should be banned, and forever illegal. Killing one’s own fetus has been linked to psychological distress which has been channeled into many different cases of substance abuse. â€Å"Induced abortion has been linked to increased rates of substance abuse, especially amongRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily with someone. Often times accidents happen in which people didn’t plan for, and can lead to many financial problems or neglect of one’s child because the parents weren’t prepared to be parents. This is why there should be the option of abortion. Abortion needs to be an option for everyone because it helps from long lasting mental states, infection, economical problems, and or having conceived from a non consensual circumstance. Pregnancy is a hard and unforgiving to the woman’s body. In factRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesfavor of abortion rights. The decision was 7-2, it stated that it showed a â€Å"right of privacy.†Abortions have been performed for thousands of years all around the world, even though many women died from it. Women nowadays have a choice of whether they want to get an abortion. Abortions do come with risk, one of them being death, but women should still have a right and say what they want to do with pregnancy and not be judged by others for doing so. Today the debate across the world is if abortion shouldRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1321 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone who may be suicidal or who is suicidal himself/herself. As for taking away fetus’ lives, the damage that abortion makes on life can be proven with the statistics. According to Casey, â€Å"over the past 44 years, one-sixth (60,000,000) of the American population has been killed by elective abortion. Twenty-five percent of African-Americans are killed in the womb America,† (Should Abortion Be Legal n.p.). The figure 60,000,000 is a depressing number considering that these children could have been futureRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion723 Words   |  3 Pagescontraception I want to discuss is sterilization. For an idea that is so broadly accepted in private, contraception certainly generates a lot of opposition when discussed in public. Some people think when we talk about contraception that it’s code for abortion. It’s obviously not the same thing. Let’s be honest, people are just uncomfortable with the topic because it’s about sex. And sex talk in this country is kept on the hush even though we are sold sex via advertising left and right. Some people worry

BATTLE OF THE ALAMO Free Essays

ALAMO, BATTLE OF THE ALAMO, BATTLE OF THE. The siege and the final assault on the Alamo in 1836 constitute the most celebrated military engagement in Texas history. The battle was conspicuous for the large number of illustrious personalities among its combatants. We will write a custom essay sample on BATTLE OF THE ALAMO or any similar topic only for you Order Now These included Tennessee congressman David Crockett, entrepreneur-adventurer James Bowie, and Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Although not nationally famous at the time, William Barret Travis achieved lasting distinction as commander at the Alamo. For many Americans and most Texans, the battle has become a symbol of patriotic sacrifice. Traditional popular depictions, including novels, stage plays, and motion pictures, emphasize legendary aspects that often obscure the historical event. To understand the real battle, one must appreciate its strategic context in the Texas Revolution. In December 1835 a Federalist army of Texan (or Texian, as they were called) immigrants, American volunteers, and their Tejano allies had captured the town from a Centralist force during the siege of Bexar. With that victory, a majority of the Texan volunteers of the â€Å"Army of the People† left service and returned to their families. Nevertheless, many officials of the provisional government feared the Centralists would mount a spring offensive. Two main roads led into Texas from the Mexican interior. The first was the Atascosito Road, which stretched from Matamoros on the Rio Grande northward through San Patricio, Goliad, Victoria, and finally into the heart of Austin’s colony. The second was the Old San Antonio Road, a camino real that crossed the Rio Grande at Paso de Francia (the San Antonio Crossing) and wound northeastward through San Antonio de Bexar, Bastrop, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, and across the Sabine River into Louisiana. Two forts blocked these approaches into Texas: Presidio La Bahia (Nuestra Senora de Loreto Presidio) at Goliad and the Alamo at San Antonio. Each installation functioned as a frontier picket guard, ready to alert the Texas settlements of an enemy advance. James Clinton Neill received command of the Bexar garrison. Some ninety miles to the southeast, James Walker Fannin, Jr. , subsequently took command at Goliad. Most Texan settlers had returned to the comforts of home and hearth. Consequently, newly arrived American volunteers-some of whom counted their time in Texas by the week-constituted a majority of the troops at Goliad and Bexar. Both Neill and Fannin determined to stall the Centralists on the frontier. Still, they labored under no delusions. Without speedy reinforcements, neither the Alamo nor Presidio La Bahia could long withstand a siege. At Bexar were some twenty-one artillery pieces of various caliber. Because of his artillery experience and his regular army commission, Neill was a logical choice to command. Throughout January he did his best to fortify the mission fort on the outskirts of town. Maj. Green B. Jameson, chief engineer at the Alamo, installed most of the cannons on the walls. Jameson boasted to Gen. Sam Houston that if the Centralists stormed the Alamo, the defenders could â€Å"whip 10 to 1 with our artillery. † Such predictions proved excessively optimistic. Far from the bulk of Texas settlements, the Bexar garrison suffered from a lack of even basic provender. On January 14 Neill wrote Houston that his people were in a â€Å"torpid, defenseless condition. † That day he dispatched a grim message to the provisional government: â€Å"Unless we are reinforced and victualled, we must become an easy prey to the enemy, in case of an attack. â€Å" How to cite BATTLE OF THE ALAMO, Papers

Environmental Design in the Learning Environment

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Design in the Learning Environment. Answer: Introduction: Learning environment is described as any physical locations, context and cultures in which students learn. Learning can take place in designated areas such as schools, libraries and museums similarly learning can take place incidentally in areas such as playgrounds, parks, hallways, dinner tables and street corners. Many things interrupt a students ability to focus on a task: distractions, noisy environment and even psychological growth and development. However these interruptions can be minimised through informed environmental designs of learning spaces. The world health organisation, describes adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from ages 10- 19. The early adolescent years might mark a downward spiral for some individuals, leading to academic failure and school drop-outs (Eccles., et al 1993). Academic failure can be attributed to push effects, these are factors found within the school environment that impact the adolescent negatively and lead to rejecting of school. Conflict with teachers, teacher expectancies and belief, unsuccessful transition from one school to another and non facilitative school and class environment are some of the components that contribute to academic failure among adolescents (Polk n.d). According to Schaps (2005) supportive and caring school environment (community schools) satisfies the basic psychological needs of students (safety, belonging, autonomy, and competence) in addition to these, community schools foster the students connectedness to the school environment. School is the primary context for the development of young people since it is the largest and most important institution in which they are involved (National Academy of Science, 2011). Research has shown that exposure to nature during the teenage years can provide an effectively positive influence to adolescence in contrast to this several studies show that it is during adolescence that teenagers lose interest in nature and prefer to spend most time indoors with their peers (Tuddenham, n.d). Students spend most of their time in school between the ages 10-19, it is therefore important to design these spaces to be biophilic. The schools should be built to accommodate nature; moreover it has been found that views of nature increase a students concentration to perform tasks requiring high mental effort. (Matsouka, 2008, as cited in Hurwitz, 2016). A corresponding theory suggests than teens that interact and care for animals such as horses, dogs and rabbits showed improved social skills, verbal communication, physical interaction, stress management and confidence (Georgetown behavioural health institute, 2016). More publications and research are coming up to support the biophilic design theory and its benefit, Heath (2015) states Furtherresearchshows that optimisingexposure to daylightalone can improve school attendance by an average of 3.5days/year and test scores by 5-14% whilst increasing the speed of learning by 20-26%. Whilsttrialshave found thatplantsin classrooms can l ead to improved performance in spelling, mathematics and science of 10-14%. Relatively sparse research on biophilia and teenagers in the school environment has left room for further research. First, much of the research on teenagers concentrates on biophilic relationship with teenagers in the healing environment and not the learning environment. In addition to this most biophilic school designs concentrate on young children in pre-school. According to Singapores census data of 2010 the population of adolescents between ages 10- 14 was 244,302 and those aged 15-19 stood at 263,750. The data further goes on to show that of those aged 15-19 a total of 227,762 are attending school, this shows that over 35,000 teenagers in this age bracket are not in school (Department of statistics Singapore, 2017). A number of reasons could be raised as to why these children are out of school but as earlier discussed push effects arising from the school environment could be a contributing factor. This study looks to find ways to incorporate biophilia in the school environment and promote architectural designs that are more centred on human beings especially those in the rocky phase of human development of adolescence. Education space design This study intends to design a school and all aspects in the school environment. The first impression of the school we have as we approach it from the outside is the main entrance to the school. The walkway from the gate to the first set of school buildings should exude nature and connect the student with the natural environment this serves to calm the student and prepare them for all the learning activities. In a formal learning environment most learning takes place within the classroom, libraries and laboratories. These spaces shall be the main focus of this design project because this is where most learning takes place and most time is spent in. Hallways, playground and school botanic garden should not be over looked in achieving a biophilic design because this is where incidental learning occurs. Having open spaces and gardens within the school improve restoration cognition in students. The playground is an essential part in a school system and to the physical and mental development of adolescents. Playgrounds are spaces that allow students to participate in team sports and other physical activities that not only improve their physical health but also improve their interpersonal skills, boost their confidence and give adolescents a sense of purpose and identity. The purpose of having a school field is to provide a space for an array of physical activities especially team sports. Intended users of the school The main focus of this design project will be to create an environment suitable for students aged 15-19. The design will therefore heavily invest in making the student feel motivated and connected to the school goals and objectives. Furthermore the environment not only intends to promote academic excellence but also co-curricular activities and the moral and ethical perspective of the student. The school will have both sexes within the same environment, even though research has proven that adolescent boys and girls have different physical and psychological needs. The design takes into consideration these differences to produce a harmonised environment that satisfies and motivates both sexes. Even though the main focus is on the students the design does not forget the main drivers of the learning process, the teachers. Since the school is not only a learning environment but also a working environment to the teachers and other school workers due diligence shall be taken to ensure that the environment is safe, motivating and brings a sense of connectedness to the adults. People with physical disabilities both adults and adolescents are to be catered for by the school environment. Special needs According to UNICEF (2013) young people with disabilities are among the poorest and marginalised people in the world they are excluded from educational, economic, social and cultural activities. Only 10% of all the children with disabilities are enrolled in school and only half get to finish their primary level education (UNICEF, 2013). The period of adolescence is a period that prepares an individual for successful adult hood yet most adolescents with disabilities are excluded from social, educational and economic activities (Groce, 2004). Most schools are physically inaccessible to people with physical disabilities, this apparently locks out physically challenged adolescents out of school (UNICEF, 2013). In addition to this most adolescents with disabilities found it hard adjusting to the school environment, they felt that there needs were not being met by the school environment and the experienced both physical and social barriers within the school (orvarardttir, 2014). In the sch ool setting students with disabilities felt that their peers had a negative attitude towards them and this at times led to bullying (orvarardttir, 2014). In a holistic people centred environment and architecture all people should be considered. People with special needs such as those with physical disabilities, should be able to move around the school easily with minimal help. Such inclusive designs boost the confidence and self-worth, especially of adolescents who are going through a lot of mental and physical growth. Ramps that ease the mobility of physically challenged students increase their independence and reduce the feeling of despair and thoughts of being a burden. Theoretical perspective of the design The attention restoration is one theory that advances and explains the benefit of nature on the human mind. This theory explains that nature has the ability to renew concentration after performing tasks that require a lot of mental energy such as studying for exams (Krisch, 2014). Krisch (2014) cites a study done by Kuo and Sullivan (2001) that found that young adults who were more exposed to nature had higher scores on attention capacity and were also less likely to be aggressive compared to those who were less exposed to nature. People and space are clearly related and it is difficult to conceive of space without social content, the behaviour setting theory seeks to express the complex relationship between people and the physical environment and how the physical setting of a place affects behaviour (Farag, 2015). From this theory we understand aspects like personal space: personal space is the invisible bubble around us and if people invade this space it makes us feel uncomfortable . Farag (2015) continues on and states the importance of spaces that allow young people to interact and associate with their peers as important in their development. Therefore it is vital that the school setting be arranged in a manner that promotes human interactions but still respects aspects such as personal space. This theory therefore is important in deciding the size of classrooms, number of students in a classroom and the arrangement of seats. The aforementioned two theories are important in the design of a school environment and architecture in helping the student and teachers explore their full potential in both academics and other co-curricular activities. Brunswicks lens model is a theory that can be used to explain the relations between the environment and the behaviour of organisms in the environment. Human beings receive a lot of stimuli from the environment and the brain decides which stimuli to pay attention to and use. The lens model gives us a platform to understand how environmental factors affect human cognition. In agreement with this is stress stimulation, too much stimulation leads to distractions and interference with cognitive processes thus leading to fatigue while lack of stimulation leads to boredom. Human beings work optimally at moderate levels of stimulation it is therefore important to consider this in the design process of the classrooms and hallways in the school. The theory of biophilic school design The theory of biophilia suggests that an instinctive bond exists between human beings and other living systems. Therefore biophilic designs are a response to the human need to be in contact with nature. The attention restoration theory explains that nature has the ability to renew concentration after performing tasks that require a lot of mental energy such as studying for exams (Kirsch, 2014). In agreement with this is the stress recovery theory, Berto (2014) points out that the attention restoration theory and the stress recovery theory are complimentary and both agree that nature has the capability to reduce physiological and psychological stress. Therefore this informs the idea to have potted plants in the classrooms and trees within the school compound to increase interaction of the student with nature and improve cognitive restoration in the students. In the design of the school an animal pen and a fishpond will be incorporated into the design. In a study conducted by the Georgetown behavioural health institute (2016) teenagers who cared and interacted with pets showed great improvement in their capabilities to handle stress and improved social skills. Psychological studies on youth sports usually contradict one another because no two people are ever alike, despite these contradictions, studies on youth sport agree that continuity, intensity and balance have a positive effect on youth (Mitchell, 2012). Intensity in sports is the amount of time spent participating in sports, active participation leads to mastery of skills and superior knowledge of tactics leading to development of strategic thinking which is useful in all aspects of life. (Mitchell, 2012). Research on benefits of physical activities recommend that people aged 5-17 require about 60 minutes of vigorous to moderate activities in a day (Eime,.et al 2013). The physical, social and psychological benefits of sports informed the decision to have an open playing field for participation in individual and team sports. In the biophilia hypothesis it suggests that human beings have a need to connect with the natural environment, it is in line with this theory that the school buildings will be built using natural materials such as bamboo; which have a warm natural colour that are calming to the human mind. In addition to the use of natural material the shape of the classroom would mimic some of the common shapes found naturally in the environment such as the oval and circular shapes. Addition of small water bodies within the open spaces would go a long way in completing the natural setting of the environment. Water bodies would attract birds and other insect species. Research has shown that the human mind responds to natural sounds produced by flowing water and birds. The needs of disabled adolescents are similar to the needs of their non-disabled peers- education, inclusion and need for employment (Groce, 2004). Disabled people are not only disadvantaged by physical barriers but also by barriers that exist at the psycho-emotional level, the experience of exclusion and prejudice affect their emotional well being (Reeve, 2006). By creating a barrier free school environment that enables ease of movement for the disabled they suffer less prejudice and exclusion thus they are able to fully concentrate on their studies. To promote equality, fairness and inclusion the school shall have curb ramps and washrooms for the disabled. Social interaction and inclusion is an important need of most adolescents, the school environment should encourage interaction of peers inside the classroom and outside. A sociopetal arrangement of furniture in class and outside encourages interaction. Such arrangements go a long way in satisfying the adolescents need to interact with their peers. Conclusion Education is a key process in the growth and development of adolescents, as it equips the student with skills and knowledge that are necessary in the world. As more money is pumped into the education sector it is therefore wise and prudent to make sure all this investment is fully utilised by ensuring students make the most out of the time they spend in school. The economic input in the education sector can yield higher results by ensuring that students leave the school environment while healthy, happy and stress free this ensures a higher life expectancy. Research done over the years has shown that biophilic designs promote faster mental restoration after performing tasks that require high mental activity and increase the concentration of students. References O., Heath. (2015, September 25). 3 Top Educational Spaces. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://humanspaces.com/2015/09/25/3-top-educational-spaces/ Berto, R. (2014, December). The Role of Nature in Coping with Psycho-Physiological Stress: A Literature Review on Restorativeness. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4287696/ Department Of Statistics Singapore. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/browse-by-theme/census-of-population Eccles, J. S., Barber, B. L., Stone, M., Hunt, J. (2003). Extra curricular Activities and Adolescent Development.Journal of Social Issues, 59(4), 859-889. Retrieved from https://rcgd.isr.umich.edu/garp/articles/eccles03g.pdf Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 Farag, A. A. (2015, March 02). Behavior setting. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/alshimaak/behavior-setting Groce, N. E. (2004). Adolescents and youths with disability: Issues and challenges.Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 15(2), 13-29. Retrieved from https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15132/1/15132.pdf Georgetown Behavioral Health Institute. (2016, June 1). How Animal Therapy is Helping Teens. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.georgetownbehavioral.com/node/1346 Hurwitz, H. (2016, April 13). The Benefits of Biophilia in the Built Environment [Web log post]. Retrieved from psychneuro.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/the-benefits-of-biophilia-in-the- built- environment Krisch, K. (2017, March 27). Attention Restoration Theory Nature: Let's Solve Problems... Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/attention- restoration-theory-nature-lets-solve-problems/ Mitchell, M. P., PhD. (2012, January 08). The Psychology of Youth Sports. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-moment-youth/201201/the-psychology-youth-sports Reeve, D. (2006). Towards a psychology of disability: The emotional effects of living in adisabling society. Retrieved from https://donnareeve.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ReeveChapter2006.pdf Schaps, E., PhD. (2005). The Role of Supportive School Environments in Promoting Academic Success. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.collaborativeclassroom.org/research- articles-and-papers-the-role-of-supportive-school-environments-in-promoting-academic- success Tuddenham, K. A. (n.d.). Fostering Child Cognitive Development Through Access To Green Space. Retrieved from https://environment.yale.edu/publication- series/documents/downloads/a-g/Berkley-2013-Section-3.pdf Unicef. (2013, May). Children and young people with disabilities fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/Factsheet_A5__Web_NEW.pdf orvarardttir, E. (2014).Adolescents with Physical Disabilities and Their Wellbeing and Peer Relationships within Secondary Schools in Iceland(Unpublished master's thesis).Reykjavik University. Retrieved from https://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/19427/44365/1/BSc_ritger%C3%B0_pdf.pdf

Hamlet Tragedy In Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Hamlet

Hamlet: Tragedy in Hamlet The tradition of literature includes many genres. One of the oldest and most important of these genres is tragedy; one of the foremost Elizabethan tragedies in the canon of English literature is Hamlet by William Shakespeare and one of the earliest critics of tragedy is Aristotle. One way to measure Shakespeare's work is to appraise it using the methods of classical critics and thereby to see how if it would have retained its meaning. Hamlet is one of the most recognizable and most often quoted tragedies in the all of English literature. Aristotle, is concerned with the proper presentation of tragic plays and poetry. Aristotle defines tragedy as: "...a representation of an action that is worth serious attention, complete in itself, and of some amplitude; in language enriched by a variety of artistic devices appropriate to the several parts of the play; presented in the form of action, not narration; by means of pity and fear bringing about the purgation of such emotion. (Aristotle 38 - 9) Shakespeare uses character, plot and setting to create a mood of disgust and a theme of proper revenge, as opposed to fear and pity, hence Aristotle would have disapproved of Hamlet. It is the above mentioned elements; character, plot and setting, used in a non-Aristotelian way, that makes Hamlet work as a one of the English language's most renown tragedies. By proper revenge we refer to the Elizabethan view that revenge must be sought in certain cases, for the world to continue properly. This is the main plot of Hamlet. In Poetics, Aristotle defines for us, the element of plot and shows us how he believes it must be put together. He also believes in various unities which he states are necessary for a proper tragedy. Aristotle believes in what he calls "Unity of plot" (Aristotle 42 - 3). This "Unity" leaves no room for subplots, which are crucial to the theme of Hamlet. Without the subplot of Laertes' revenge and the subplot of Fortinbras' revenge, we are left with a lugubrious play where the ending, although necessary, is pointless. The three sub-plots together as a unit, allow us to understand what Shakespeare thought of revenge. Another of the ways Aristotle defines plot in tragedy as "The noble actions and the doings of noble persons"(Aristotle 35). By this definition, Hamlet should be a noble person, who does only noble things. Aristotle would have objected to Hamlet's refusal to kill Claudius during prayer which forms the turning point of Hamlet. This is significant because if he were to have achieved his revenge at that point Claudius' soul may have been clean. Hamlet wishes to get revenge when Claudius' "Soul may be damned and black / As hell, whereto it goes (Shakespeare 3, 3, 94 - 5). By waiting for the right time, Hamlet loses his chance to achieve revenge. This ignoble act does add to the theme of proper revenge, not in the primary plot, but when all three revenge sub-plots are considered together. Aristotle also believed in heros that are "First and foremost good (Aristotle 51)." Although Hamlet spends much time deliberating good and evil, and what the greatest good is, when it comes time, he cannot act. Laertes does act, but he acts rashly, and cannot perform good either. Fortinbras is the type of hero that Aristotle would have preferred, although from Fortinbras' point of view the play is not tragic; instead it is a comedy where all of the other characters run about and in the end through no fault of his own, Fortinbras receives the kingship of Denmark. The plot events with which Aristotle disagrees give meaning to Hamlet's theme. Shakespeare uses the plot to help create the mood of Hamlet by incorporating subplots and by having his tragic hero do things which are particularly unheroic. Hamlet's treatment of Ophelia is particularly barbaric. By the same token Ophelia's unstinting devotion to her father, and by that ,her poor treatment of Hamlet causes us to question which of the two is not the worthier, but the least evil. Both of their actions invoke disgust. Aristotle would have objected to Hamlet's treatment of Ophelia because of his aforementioned belief in the character attributes of the hero. The only characters who act particularly heroic are Horatio, who is devoted to Hamlet, and Fortinbras. These two characters are the only ones who survive. The rest of the characters are left dead and bleeding. As another classical critic, Horace, wrote in Ars Poetica "I shall turn in disgust

10 Types of Numerical Terms

10 Types of Numerical Terms 10 Types of Numerical Terms 10 Types of Numerical Terms By Mark Nichol How many categories of numerals are there, and what are their functions? No, you haven’t stumbled onto DailyMathTips.com by mistake; this post helps sort out the ways you can refer to numbers and under which circumstances, with nary a digit or operational sign in sight. Ready? One, two, three . . . 1. Cardinal Numbers Cardinal numbers one, two, three, or the numeric equivalents, and so on represent simple quantity (though, as shown in the previous paragraph, they can also be employed in a countdown or, in that case, a countup). The names of English numerals are all derived from Old English, as are the suffixes -teen, which derives from a form of ten and means â€Å"ten more than,† and -ty, which means â€Å"ten.† Hundred and thousand are also derived from old English, but million and other terms for orders of magnitude come from Latin by way of French. 2. Collective Numerals Collective numerals represent sets. There are various subcategories kinship terms such as twin and triplet, and musical terms like duo and trio – and, well, singletons, like that word, pair, dozen, and so on. Language origin varies among these assorted words. 3. Composite Numbers Composite numbers unary, binary, ternary, and so on represent composition (what something is composed of). Binary is the only one of these Latin-derived terms commonly used, though quaternary was applied to a geological age. 4. Distributive Numerals Distributive numerals represent alternating patterns. In some languages (like Latin, which has singuli and bini, for example, to mean â€Å"one by one† or â€Å"two by two† respectively), these numerals are represented by a single term, are usually described in English in phrases such as â€Å"each day,† â€Å"every other week,† and â€Å"every third month.† However, English also has one-word examples such as centennial and its multiplied variants, descended from Latin terms. 5. Multiplicative Numbers Multiplicative numbers once, twice, thrice represent repetition. The ancestors of these words are variations on the Old English words for one, two, and three. Among the categories listed in this post, the multiplicative group is the only one that does not represent any value higher than three. (The reason for this lack is unknown, though perhaps it’s because it’s rarely necessary to describe an attempt or action beyond several previous efforts.) 6. Ordinal Numbers Ordinal numbers first, second, third, and so on represent sequential order. Second is anomalous in that it alone comes from Latin rather than Old English; it supplanted the ambiguous English word other (still used in this sense in the phrase â€Å"every other†). There was never a twoth or a onth, for that matter; that latter vacancy was filled by a form of fore, while third and so on are derived from the cardinal numbers.) This is a good place to remind writers to deactivate the function on their computer that, by default, creates superscript ordinal indicators (miniature renditions of st, nd, rd, and th perched on the right shoulders of numerals). The perverse persistence of this Victorian affectation in state-of-the-art word-processing programs is a puzzler and an annoyance to editors, who have to convert such aberrant symbols into baseline indicators before production. 7. Partitive Numbers Partitive numbers half, thirds, fourths, and so on represent fractions. Half, which is from Old English, originally meant merely â€Å"part.† (Behalf, meaning â€Å"on the part of,† retains this imprecise meaning.) The others are just variations on Old English terms for the associated numbers. 8. Ranking Numerals Ranking numerals – primary, secondary, tertiary, and so on (this class shares quaternary and higher values with the composite-numbers category) represent degrees of importance or relevance. These terms are ultimately Latin in origin. 9. Reproductive Numbers Reproductive numbers single, double, triple, and so on, plus the generic multiple represent replication. Single and double are from Latin by way of French; the higher values are all directly from Latin. 10. Miscellaneous Terms Deuce, from the similarly pronounced precursor to French deux, is an old-fashioned synonym for two that persists in sports and gambling references. The mild oath â€Å"What the deuce,† a euphemism for â€Å"What the devil?† probably comes from association with deuce as a low score and therefore the outcome of bad luck. Trinity, from Latin through French, and triad, directly from Latin, both mean â€Å"a group or set of three.† Triplicate, meaning â€Å"threefold,† is from Latin; -fold is from the Old English cognate of -plus, which is where we got the element -ple and its extension -plicate. Treble is the French form of triple; both come from the Latin triplus. Trice, used in the phrase â€Å"in a trice,† meaning â€Å"quickly,† is unrelated to thrice (â€Å"three times†); it’s of nautical origin, from a Middle English word borrowed from a Dutch term meaning â€Å"pull, hoist.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails7 Patterns of Sentence StructureOne Scissor?

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations Essay

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations - Essay Example This is essential because these people have been sidelined for very long due to their color and backgrounds. Philanthropists are persons who the heart and the will to help the less fortunate in the society. Most of the known philanthropists are known to have a lot of money hence opting to the carry out activities in the society aimed at developing the community. My favorite philanthropist is Ben Carson because of his inspirational teachings and stake in community based projects that he funds in many countries of the world. Nonprofit organizations play vital roles in the societies since they fight for the rights of the minority and the oppressed in the society. In most cases, they focus on provision of basic services to the less fortunate people in the society. These include the poor and the sick in the community. These organizations ensure that these people get proper medical services and food commodities. The level of U.S. exports to Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also the affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of U. S. goods relative to other players in the market. Finally, government legislations play key roles in this trade, as well. The level of U.S. imports from Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of Mexican goods relative to other players in the market.

Muhammad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Muhammad - Essay Example Muhammad used oneness of God as the main religious root since under one God and one religion, people of the world would be one. Muhammad as a person before He declared Himself the Prophet of Allah was respected in Arab. He was known to be the honest and respectful; He was kind to the ones younger than him and respected the one older. Muhammad used his previous reputation of being ‘Sadiq’ and ‘Ameen’ (one who is true and trust worthy) to spread Islam (Goldschmidt, 2006). He went and talked to the leaders of different Arabian tribes and told them how Allah has revealed His messages upon Him through Allah’s Angels and asked Muhammad to spread Allah’s final and complete religion. He told the people of Arab that Allah has bestowed upon the world with the fortunes that are there for the people to use and but in the most righteous way. Muhammad Went to the poor to help them when they needed Him and asked the rich to give away their fortunes to the poor so that they could feed their families as nothing but their good deeds are going to help them in the Afterlife. Muhammad brou ght Unity in the people of Arab by making them brother and sisters to each other so that everyone is equal. Travelling to faraway lands and countries in an era when only horses and camels were the means of transport and spreading Islam was the most difficult task Muhammad and His Followers had to face. Muhammad had the task assigned to Him by Allah that He should take Allah’s Message in the form of Quran to all the parts of the world (Goldschmidt, 2006). He did so by sending His followers to the leaders and representatives of different countries and telling them how Allah has made Muhammad His Prophet to spread Allah’s message and now they should follow Muhammad and accept Allah as the only God and do not worship any other God. Also, one major thing that had a

How Does Bullying Impact School Success Research Paper

How Does Bullying Impact School Success - Research Paper Example The bullied students develop a great sense of fear that reduces their concentration and affects their psychological being. As results, such students may not be in a better position to concentrate in class and perform to their limit. Those in support of this perspective argue that the stability of the student and his/her ability to exist in a fear free environment affects the final performances of such students. Bullying impacts more mentally on a student’s stability and this creates excessive feeling of fear on the victims thus making them vulnerable in any situation (Ainer and Perry, 2003). The inability to counter the impacts of the bullies and punish such acts increases the prevalence of disrespect and disregard to the available laws that govern student’s behavior within the schools and colleges. The lack of intervention by the school administration results into loss of respect for fellow students and the teachers themselves. The bullies may develop a big man syndrom e and the feeling that they are above the control of the school administration. As a result, they may continue in the perpetuation of their atrocities on fellow students without fear of being punished. This reduces the school’s performance and respect as the victims may become more and more unprotected and vulnerable (Lohaus et al, 2002). In this evaluation, there are those who support the notion that the impacts of bullying on a schools performance emanates from the students end while others believed that the ineffectiveness it creates on the school’s administration significantly affects it performance. Uncontrolled bullying in schools has been shown to go beyond the fields and the students extra time into studying hours. During... This report approves that the United States is one of the most diverse countries in the world with a large number of different racial groupings and classes. Bullying has been associated with diversity especially from a racial and class perspective that makes the inferior class or race more susceptible to victimization. The prevalence of bullying in ethnically diverse schools has resulted into acts of aggression and retaliation by threatened races, which have caused significant harm to the aggressors and the victims. The schools are never spared from such racial wars as they fabric as a society that embraces diversity is tone apart. The failure of the institutions to address the growing ethnic and racial profiling and aggressive behaviors contribute to the emergence of racial blocks within schools as found within our prisons. Such groups develop aggressive tendencies towards each other and engage in violent activities to assert their authorities. This essay makes a conclusion that bullying is considered as one of the worst barbaric and cowardice acts committed by students on their colleagues intentionally thus causing considerable harm. The effects of bullying are widespread affecting the aggressor, the victim, the witness and the school in equal measure. The school, as the custodian of the authority over the overall student’s behavior has a number of responsibilities in ensuring safety over the students. However, widespread bullying erodes their authority and impacts significantly on the success of a learning institution.

Analysis of the International Accounting Standards on Inventory

Analysis of the International Accounting Standards on Inventory This eassy mainly introduced the information about the International Accounting standards of Inventory(IAS 2). First, we introduced the background of the IAS 2; then we discussed the major requirements of the standards and the importance of these requirements; after that we critically evaluate the IAS 2. Background The IASs, International Accounting Standards, which issued with the IASC setting up in 1973, are the common standards followed by accountancy bodies. Then, the IASB with new accounting standards (IFRS) and more member countries was founded to replace the IASC. Both of the two committees concerned with the regulation improvement and global harmonisation of international accounting. Inventory valuation plays a vital role in the profit calculation and assets valuation process. However, method differences and controversy still exist in stock valuation among different companies. In terms of that, a consistent benchmark seems necessary to eliminate them and compare companies profit on the same basis. IAS 2 is such an international standard to offer regulation and method for inventory. Its first draft of Valuation and Presentation of Inventories came out in 1974, and was brought into the IAS one year later. The former standard of stock (IAS 2(1993)) set up in 1993 and it took effect on the date of January 1st 1995. Since IASB replaced of IASC, the modified version was published in 2003 and it took effect in 2005. Aiming to obtain the accurate calculation result of cost and subsequently expense of inventory, IAS2 mainly concern with the write-down to Net Realizable Value. In order to allocate cost to stocks, it provides cost principle as well. To be more specific, IAS2 classifies that the inventory includes finished products, goods in process and raw material. Furthermore, it also contains measurement of inventory, fundamental principle of IAS2, write-down to Net Realizable Value, expense recognition and the required disclosures as well. Requirements and importance of IAS 2 There are many requirements of the inventories in International Accounting Standard, in terms of IAS 2 regulate how to analysis the cost of inventories, how to measure inventories, how to assign inventories etc. The first requirement is that the cost of inventories is the total cost to deliver inventories to their present location and condition. According to IAS 2 (2005) cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The second requirement of IAS 2 is that inventories should be measured at the lower of net realisable value and cost on an item by item basis Once measured, the lower of net realisable value and cost must be used as an asset in the balance sheet. When the inventories net realizable value below its cost, it means that the future economic benefits will less than its carrying amount, which are brought to the companies by inventories. Therefore this part of the loss should be deducted from the value of assets, and included in accounting subjects of current profit and loss. Otherwise, there will be the phenomenon of virtual assets. Thus, we should use the lower of the net realisable value and cost in the stocktaking process. The third requirement of IAS 2 is that the cost of inventories should be assigned by using the First-in First-out (FIFO) or weighted average cost formula unless there are some special inventories. IAS 2 does not require that the fairest possible approximation to the cost should be reflected by the formula used. Therefore, the Standard gives the FIFO, as well as the weighted average cost formula for free choice. Accounting to Wikipedia (2009), FIFO is an abstraction ways of organizing and manipulation of data relative to time and prioritization. This method describes the principle of what comes in first should be handled first, what comes in next waits until the first is finished. FIFO is the formula, which is frequently-used, to bear the cost of inventories which are out and which are still in. Weighted average cost formula is easier than others, also when the market price rising up or falling down, this formula is easy to calculate the average unit cost of inventories, in order to s hare the cost of inventory is more trade-offs and objective. Options IAS 2 offers some optional rules for companies to choose. These options, to a certain extent, affect the internationally implement of IAS. The following essay will list three primary options. Firstly, IAS 2 stipulates two alternative formulas for measuring the cost of inventories, which are first in, first out (FIFO) and weighted average. FIFO assumes that goods sold are those produced earlier. That is to say, the cost of inventories is those produced later. This approach may lead to underestimate cost and overestimate gross profit in the year of inflation. Weighted average is the average cost of all units currently in stock at the time of reporting. (kcsi) IAS 2 is not mandatory for which formulas companies should choose. Obviously, these two optional formulas would measure different cost of inventories. Secondly, IAS 2 stipulates that normally expenditure incurred is not recognized as cost of inventories. Nevertheless, IAS 2 supplies option of including some expense of inventories or not in the cost. For example, it is appropriate that non-productive indirect expense could be part of the cost of inventories if they are for special projects. Apart from that borrowing cost of inventories could be included in the cost under special circumstances. Thirdly, there are two optional techniques in the inventories cost measurement, standard cost method and retail method. IAS 2 requests retail industry use retail method to measuring the cost of inventories. However, other industry could apply either retail or standard cost method, which may result in discrepancy between companies that use different methods. Applicability At present, IAS 2 is widely implemented in Asia and Europe, while US GAAP plays a significant role in North America. This becomes a critical restriction factor of the applicability of IAS 2 internationally. Most stock exchanges in the world incline that quote companies should treat IAS 2 as financial report benchmark. It could improve the transparency and reliability of inventories information if listed companies apply IAS 2. Besides, more and more multinational corporations apply IAS 2 on their own, such as Air France, Nestle and Adidas. Owning to multinational corporations have companies in more than one country, it would be convenient for parent companies to consolidate statement if parent and subsidiary companies all implement IAS 2. Although IAS 2 has been applied by most countries worldwide, during the process of applicability IAS 2 internationally, some deficiencies still have arisen inevitably. Take net realizable value as an example. IAS 2 prescribes it as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale(Birzeit Consulting). With regard to costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale, IAS 2 does not list exact items, which implies lacking comparability between companies. The defects cause that some countries apply their own national accounting standard which are related to their national conditions. Opportunities for creative accounting The item inventory plays a significant role in companies operation and financial performance since it is not only determines the computation of profit, but also impacts the valuation of assets which displayed on the balance sheet. IAS 2 probably is a comprehensive guidance which prescribes systematic accounting treatments for inventory in terms of the determination of inventorys cost, the recognition of correlative expense, and the formulas for assigning costs to inventory. Despite the constraint of IAS 2, it is acknowledged that there are several stratagems for those unethical companies to manipulate their valuation of inventory, thereby expressing a fictitious favourable performance to the authorities and public. A study from Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) described that there is no area of accounting provides more opportunities for subjectivity and creative accounting than the valuation of inventory. More precisely, because of the close relationship between the inventories and revenues, companies often tend to inflate their revenues by overstating the value of inventories which is a direct and effective measure. There are a number of approaches to manipulate the value of inventory and those methods are mainly categorized into three aspects which are time horizon, NRV and overhead. Firstly, because IAS 2 do not have detailed guidance in respect of time dimension, companies usually like to employ tricks at the end of fiscal year by utilizing cut-off procedures. Assume that goods are delivered to a company at the last day of fiscal year 200X but the invoice date is at the first day of next fiscal year. In this situation, the company probably takes the goods into inventory immediately but not records the purchase invoice. The premature recording of inventory leads to the automatic increase of revenue which displays a false boost on the financial report. Furthermore, companies can falsify a transfer of non-existent inventory at the year-end which is difficult to confirm by auditors. Thus, the overstated value of inventory will generate from these fictitious in transit inventories. Secondly, IAS 2 adopted a specific method which is use the lower figure of net reliable value and cost to measure inventory. This measurement concerned the true value of inventory in a large extent and let this valuation reflects the real market appropriately; on the other hand, it also provides opportunities for frauds because the calculation of NRV is largely depends on accountants anticipations. More specifically, it is obvious that the extent of provisions should be reduce to NRV are highly subjective and manipulative. Just like Barry Elliott argued that a provision is an effective smoothing device and allows overcautious write-downs to be made in profitable years and consequent write-backs in unprofitable ones. Thirdly, although IAS 2 provides guidelines for allocating appropriate overhead into the cost of inventory, the distinctions between diverse of overhead are still hardly to be distinguished exactly. Companies might find opportunities of manipulation and include those overhead which indirectly attributable to production in the inventory valuation, thereby differing the influence of overhead and so rising profits. Weaknesses and Improvement Overall, the statements about the inventory at the International Accounting Standards (IAS) are understandable and comprehensive. However, it seems that problems still obviously exist in the inventory standards. Firstly, the calculation methods for the same industry are not unified. Although IAS2 has cancelled LIFO method, two different methods are still available: FIFO and weighted average method. Different methods of calculation will produce different results. Thus, it makes no sense for the companies of the same industry to compare the ratio results. Therefore, the standard should be more detailed. First, it should select the most appropriate measurement based on the characteristics and nature of various industries. Second, it should be clearly defined that all the companies in the same industry should adopt the same measurement method. These two measures help to eliminate difference, and subsequently to promote development of harmonisation. Secondary, it offers the opportunities for creative accounting. There are many cases about listed companies involved in the stock fraud, and the most famous one is the U.S. Fallmos case. Its creativer Monas first get a pharmacy located in Ohio, and in the subsequent decades, he acquired another 299 stores, then he formulated a company called Fallmo. Unfortunately, all of these brilliants are fraud based on the overestimation of the inventory. Such a fraud ultimately led to the bankruptcy of Monash and his company as well. At the same time, the Big Five firm who provided audit services to it also lost millions of dollars. From these cases, it seems that fraud happened owing to the inadequate inventory management system. In order to prevent companies from cheating by inventory, the standards should require the audit firm to check the companys inventories regularly. The third one is that the International Accounting Standards failed to keep pace with the times process. With the development of enterprises, it generates a lot of new inventory management methods, such as the Just-In-Time (JIT) method. JIT originated from Toyoda in Japan, it was created by Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of Toyota, his son Kiichiro Toyoda and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. Toyota implemented the Kanban management which runs with the physical. For example, when an order which includes the requirements of the delivery time is proposed, Toyotas workers entered these information on the Kanban. The ordering department get the ordering information through Kanban and give the new order to the production department through Kanban, and so forth; all orders will be connected to the entire department. Aiming to eliminate waste, reduce costs and improve economic efficiency, its core is to seek a non-stock production system or to minimize inventory production system. In that case, it is the reverse order of the traditional mode which product first then looking for customers. Although the demands of JIT are high, many companies have adopted this approach, such as Dell Inc. In the JIT, the zero inventory is the main goal. Thus, the traditional methods such as FIFO and weighted average method lost the meaning of their existence, and the traditional fields of the closing stock inventory system and the perpetual inventory system also appears to be meaningless.

Free College Essays - Comparison of Macbeth and Lord of the Flies :: comparison compare contrast essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth is one of the protagonist in a Shakespeare play "Macbeth". Jack is also a protagonist in the novel "Lord of the Flies".   The following essay will outline the differences and similarities of these two characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are five similarities between Jack and Macbeth. Firstly, they were both leader of some kind.   Jack was a leader of a choir group while Macbeth was a co-leader of Duncan's army.   Secondly, they were brave.   Jack was brave, he went up to the top of the hill by himself and searched for the beast.   Macbeth was brave too, he won the battle in the beginning of the story.   Thirdly, they were both ambitious. Jack was the leader of the hunting party in the beginning of the story, but he wanted to become the leader of the entire group on the island.   Macbeth wanted to become the king of Scotland after having the conversation with the three witches. Fourthly, they both became more cruel as they gained more power.   After Jack formed his own group and set up a camp on Castle Rock, he became more cruel than before.   For Macbeth, he hesitated six times before killing Duncan.   But when he planned to kill Banquo and Macduff's family, he didn't hesitated and killed them without regret.   Lastly, they were both superstitious.   Jack was superstitious, he worshipped the Lord of the Flies and held a ritual dance around the camp fire after sacrificing the pig. For Macbeth, he believed in the fortune telling of the three witches. (Quote: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis.   All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor.   All hail Macbeth, that should become king here after.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are five differences between Jack and Macbeth. Firstly, their ages were different.   Jack was a teenager while Macbeth was an adult with a wife.   Secondly, they have different endings.   Macbeth was killed in the end of the story while Jack was rescued.   Thirdly, Jack kills to consolidate his power while Macbeth kills to success his goal.   Jack's goal was achieved in the middle of the story, he had to maintain his power over others.   For Macbeth, he had to kill other people in order to have a chance